This week on the Rubbish Talk Podcast we welcome a special guest – Andy Rees OBE, Head of Waste Strategy at the Welsh Government – for a fascinating conversation about how Wales became a global leader in recycling and what the rest of the UK can learn from their approach.

Andy’s career spans over 25 years in waste policy, starting with a background in geochemistry and water pollution before moving into waste strategy in the late 1990s. Since then, he has helped shape a system that has transformed Wales from a 5% recycling rate to nearly 70%, earning international recognition and making Wales second in the world for recycling.

Andy explains Wales success lies in its focus on consistency, quality, and public engagement. Weekly collections of separated materials – paper/card, glass, plastics/metals, and food waste – ensure high-quality recyclables that manufacturers actually want. Mandatory workplace recycling reinforces the message beyond households, creating a culture of recycling “at work, rest and play.” Food waste has been a particular priority, with capture rates rising from 45% in 2018 to 58% in 2022 thanks to strong communication campaigns and accessible weekly services.

But Andy is clear that recycling is just the beginning. The Welsh Government’s Beyond Recycling strategy looks to the next step: prevention, reuse, repair, and remanufacturing. From reuse hubs to plastic film recycling trials and investment in local processing facilities, Wales is working to keep resources circulating in its economy for as long as possible, creating jobs and reducing reliance on raw materials.

There are challenges, of course. Behaviour change takes time, political pressures can make bold decisions difficult, and new infrastructure requires investment. Yet Andy’s message is simple: be brave and stick with it. Wales was once told that 25%, 40%, even 70% recycling targets were impossible – but persistence paid off.

The key takeaway from this episode is that clear systems, strong public engagement, and political courage can transform waste management. By designing for quality, supporting reuse, and persevering through resistance, we can build a truly circular economy that benefits both people and the planet.